DTVI-g based events and alarms
Each of the following subsections describe a type of event, and its corresponding alarm, that is processed by the system. For each event it is presented the following information:
- a description of the event, including a brief explanation of the data processing used,
- the set of parameters used in the event’s data processing,
- the severity level of the alarms created for that type of event,
- an example of the alarm’s message.
Device without Communications
Description | The event is triggered whenever the device has not sent data to the platform for a period equal or greater than:
$$TimeoutFactor * DeviceSendInterval$$
The $$DeviceSendInterval$$ can be defined independently for each device (in the device’s edit page). The other parameters $$TimeoutFactor$$ , $$SupervisionPeriod$$ , $$EnableSupervision$$ are defined globally for the system in the General Platform Settings page, in the section “Devices Communications Supervision”. |
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Parameters | $$DeviceSendInterval$$ Unit: minutes It corresponds to the period in minutes by which the device sends data to the platform in its normal operation mode. It can be defined independently for each device (in the device’s edit page). |
$$TimeoutFactor$$ Unit: no unit This is an integer parameter that represents the number of units necessary to trigger the alarm DEVICE WITHOUT COMMUNICATIONS. | |
$$SupervisionPeriod$$ Unit: minutes The period by which the devices’ supervision routine repeats over time in the server. | |
$$EnableSupervision$$ Unit: ON/OFF Activate/deactivate the supervision routine in the server. This will disable the creation of alarms of this type. | |
Alarm Message | “SDS: MABERLY STREET SUBSTATION , Device: SS7400013902.” |
Alarm Severity | CRITICAL |
Device Power Fail
Description | The event is triggered whenever the device’s external energy supply is stopped and the device starts using its internal energy backup, at which moment it sends a message to the server with the specific event code. |
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Alarm Message | “SDS: MABERLY STREET SUBSTATION, Device: SS7400013902.” |
Alarm Severity | CRITICAL |
Voltage Violation
Description |
The event is triggered whenever the voltage rms values, in any of the 3 phases are outside the interval:
$$[Vref * (100 - Vdown)\%, Vref * (100 + Vup)\%]$$
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Parameters |
SDS Nominal Voltage ( $$Vref$$ )
Unit: Volts
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Allowed voltage loss percentage ( $$Vdown$$ )
Units: %
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Allowed voltage increase percentage ( $$Vup$$ )
Units: %
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Alarm Message | “The line voltages $$V_{L1} = 270V$$ , $$V_{L3} = 204V$$ violate the defined limits.” |
Alarm Severity | WARNING |
Voltage Frequency Violation
Description |
The event is triggered whenever the voltage frequency values, in any of the 3 phases are outside the interval:
$$[Vfreq\_ref * (100 - Vfreq\_down)\%, Vfreq\_ref * (100 + Vfreq\_up)\%]$$
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Parameters |
SDS Nominal Voltage Frequency ( $$Vfreq\_ref$$ )
Unit: Volts
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Allowed voltage frequency loss percentage ( $$Vfreq\_down$$ )
Unit: %
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Allowed voltage frequency increase percentage ( $$Vfreq\_up$$ )
Units: %
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Alarm Message | “The line voltages frequencies $$Vfreq_{L1} = 48Hz$$ , $$Vfreq_{L3} = 51.6Hz$$ violate the defined limits.” |
Alarm Severity | WARNING |
Voltage Unbalance
Description |
The event is triggered whenever the value of $$VoltageUnbalance$$ violates the defined thresholds. This is defined by:
$$VoltageUnbalance = \frac{MAX(V_{1rms} , V_{2rms}, V_{3rms}) - MIN(V_{1rms}, V_{2rms}, V_{3rms})}{AVG(V_{1rms}, V_{2rms}, V_{3rms})} * 100$$
where here $$ V_{krms}, k = 1,2,3$$ stands for the rms values of the phase voltages. This agrees with the IEEE std. 936.
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Parameters |
Voltage unbalance warning threshold ( $$Vunb\_warn$$ )
Unit: %
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Voltage unbalance critical threshold ( $$Vunb\_crit$$ )
Unit: %
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Alarm Message | “Voltage unbalance detected: $$V_{unb} = 7\%$$ ”
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Alarm Severity | WARNING, CRITICAL (depending on which threshold was violated) |
Voltage Phase Unbalance
Description |
The event is triggered whenever the value of $$VoltagePhaseUnbalance$$ violates the defined thresholds. This is defined as the MAX value of the angle deviations observed in the three phases, that is:
$$VoltagePhaseUnbalance = MAX(\\Abs|Vangle\_1 - Vangle\_ref\_1 |, \\ Abs|Vangle\_2 - Vangle\_ref\_2 |, \\ Abs|Vangle\_3 - Vangle\_ref\_3 |)$$
where here $$ Vangle\_ref\_j$$ is the voltage angle of reference for phase j.
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Parameters |
Voltage phase unbalance warning threshold ( $$Vphase\_unb_\_warn$$ )
Unit: angle degrees
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Voltage phase unbalance critical threshold ( $$Vphase\_unb_\_crit$$ )
Unit: angle degrees
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Alarm Message | “Voltage phase unbalance detected: $$Vphase\_unb\_2 = 32, Vphase\_unb\_3 = 56$$ ”
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Alarm Severity | WARNING, CRITICAL (depending on which threshold was violated) |
MV Dead Section
Description |
The event is triggered whenever the value of $$VoltageUnbalance$$ and $$VoltagePhaseUnbalance$$ , as defined in the subsections above, violate (simultaneously) the defined threshold $$Vunb\_thresh$$ and $$Vphase\_unb\_thresh$$ .
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Parameters |
Voltage unbalance threshold ( $$Vunb\_thresh$$ )
Unit: %
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Voltage phase unbalance threshold ( $$Vphase\_unb_\_thresh$$ )
Unit: angle degrees
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Alarm Message | “Fault detected in the mv feeder connected to this SDS. Voltage unbalance values: $$Vunb = 4.6\%, Vphase\_unb\_1 = 42, Vphase\_unb\_2 = 32, Vphase\_unb\_3 = 11$$ ”
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Alarm Severity | CRITICAL |
MV Dead Section Vect
Description |
The event is triggered whenever the vector configuration of the voltage vectors $$V_{1}, V_{2}, V_{3}$$ is such that:
$$V_{i} \approx V_{j} $$
for some $$i,j$$ .
Here the similarity between vectors is being defined using the parameter $${\Delta} V$$ : $$V_{i} \approx V_{j} \leftrightarrow |V_{i} - V_{j}| < {\Delta} V$$
When the condition above is triggered, by symmetry, the MV dead section should be in phase $$V_{k}$$ where $$ i \ne k \ne j $$ .
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Parameters |
Allowed vector deviation ( $${\Delta} V$$ )
Unit: Volts
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Alarm Message | “MV phase open. Voltage values: $$V_{1} = 200, V_{2angle} = 269, V_{3} = 100, V_{3angle} = 273$$ .”
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Alarm Severity | CRITICAL |
Feeder Line Null Current
Description |
The event is triggered whenever the current in a feeder line is equal to zero. When the event is triggered, the system tries to check if that event is expected according to past data. For example, in the case of Public Illumination feeders, the system will be able to understand that the event is expected. This checking is made using the parameters $$PastDays$$ and $$PeriodOfDay$$ . These two parameters together define the past data for which the null current event has to be observed in order to consider the present event as expected. For example, having $$PastDays = 3$$ and $$PeriodOfDay = 50$$ means that the system searches the time interval $$[CurrentDayTime - 50min, CurrentDayTime + 50min]$$ in each of the 3 past days independently looking for null current events. The $$CurrentDayTime$$ is the time at which the present null current event is triggered.
If the event is considered to be unexpected, then the system tries to classify it as Overcurrent or Short-Circuit by using the $$OvercurrentThreshold$$ parameter.
This event can be parameterized independently for each feeder.
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Parameters | $$PastDays$$ Unit: Days |
$$PeriodOfDay$$ Unit: Minutes | |
$$OvercurrentThreshold$$ Unit: Amperes | |
Alarm Message | “ $$I_{5L1} = 0$$ (Possible Overcurrent), $$I_{5L3} = 0$$ (Possible Short-Circuit).”
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Alarm Severity | CRITICAL (If Overcurrent of Short-Circuit), INFO (If the event was expected) |
Feeder Line Current Level
Description |
The event is triggered whenever the value of the current in the feeder line (phases $$L1, L2$$ or $$L3$$ ) violates the defined thresholds.
This event can be parameterized independently for each feeder.
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Parameters | $$CurrentWarningLevel$$ Unit: Amperes |
$$CurrentCriticalLevel$$ Unit: Amperes | |
Alarm Message | “The feeder line current $$I_{3L1} = 150A, I_{3L3} = 172A$$ violates the defined limits.”
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Alarm Severity | WARNING, CRITICAL (depending on which threshold was violated) |
Feeder Neutral Current Level
Description | The event is triggered whenever the value of the current in a feeder neutral phase violates the defined thresholds. This event can be parameterized independently for each feeder. |
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Parameters | $$CurrentWarningLevel$$ Unit: Amperes |
$$CurrentCriticalLevel$$ Unit: Amperes | |
Alarm Message | “The feeder line current $$I_{5N} = 86A$$ violates the defined limits.”
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Alarm Severity | WARNING, CRITICAL (depending on which threshold was violated) |